Blood sugar, or glucose, is the body’s primary source of energy. Maintaining a healthy balance of blood sugar levels is essential for overall well-being. However, when the levels of blood sugar drop too low, it can lead to a condition known as hypoglycaemia. Recognizing the blood sugar low signs early is crucial for preventing serious health complications. In this article, we will explore the signs of low blood sugar, what causes it, and how to treat it effectively.
What Blood Sugar Low Signs Look Like?
Blood sugar low signs refer to a range of symptoms that occur when your blood sugar levels drop below normal levels. Healthy blood sugar levels typically range between 70 and 100 mg/dL when fasting. When blood sugar levels fall too low, below 70 mg/dL, the body may start to show signs of hypoglycaemia.
It’s important to note that the severity of symptoms varies depending on how low your blood sugar is. Some people may experience mild symptoms, while others may have severe reactions that require immediate intervention. The following are common blood sugar low signs to look out for:
- Shakiness or Tremors
One of the earliest signs of blood sugar low is feeling shaky or having tremors in the hands, legs, or body. This occurs because the body reacts to a lack of energy by producing stress hormones, such as adrenaline. - Dizziness or Light-headedness
Blood sugar levels low enough to impair the brain’s ability to function can cause feelings of dizziness or light-headedness. You may feel unsteady when standing up or walking, and in some cases, may even faint. - Confusion or Difficulty Concentrating
Your brain relies heavily on glucose for fuel. When blood sugar is low, it can affect cognitive functions, leading to confusion, difficulty concentrating, or a sense of mental fog. - Sweating
Excessive sweating, particularly when it occurs without physical exertion or in cooler temperatures, can be a sign that your blood sugar levels are dropping. This is caused by the release of adrenaline as the body attempts to raise glucose levels. - Hunger
A sudden and intense feeling of hunger can be another indicator that your blood sugar is low. The body sends signals to the brain urging you to consume food in an attempt to correct the energy imbalance. - Fatigue or Weakness
When blood sugar levels fall, you may feel unusually tired or weak. The body lacks the energy it needs to function, leading to fatigue, lethargy, and difficulty performing routine tasks. - Rapid Heart Rate
A rapid or pounding heart rate can accompany a drop in blood sugar. This occurs due to the body’s release of adrenaline, a hormone that is meant to raise blood sugar levels. - Irritability or Mood Swings
Low blood sugar can also cause irritability, anxiety, or mood swings. The lack of glucose impairs the brain’s ability to regulate emotions, leading to sudden changes in mood.
Causes of Blood Sugar Low
Several factors can contribute to blood sugar being low. Some common causes include:
- Skipping meals or fasting: If you skip a meal or go without food for an extended period, your body may not have enough glucose to maintain normal blood sugar levels.
- Excessive exercise: Intense physical activity increases glucose utilization by the muscles, potentially leading to a drop in blood sugar, particularly if you haven’t eaten enough beforehand.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas, are designed to lower blood sugar levels. If taken in excess or at the wrong time, they can cause blood sugar to fall too low.
- Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol without eating can cause blood sugar to drop. Alcohol inhibits the liver’s ability to release glucose into the bloodstream, increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.
- Illness: In some cases, an illness or infection can interfere with the body’s ability to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Dehydration, fever, and stress can also trigger low blood sugar.
What to Do When Blood Sugar Is Low
If you experience any of the blood sugar low signs mentioned above, it’s crucial to act quickly to raise your blood sugar levels. Here are the recommended steps for treating low blood sugar:
- Consume fast-acting carbohydrates
The most effective way to raise your blood sugar levels is by consuming foods or drinks that are rich in fast-acting carbohydrates. Examples include:- A glucose tablet
- A small glass of fruit juice (about 4 ounces)
- Regular soda (not diet)
- Hard candies or honey
- A tablespoon of sugar
- Wait 15 minutes
After consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, wait 15 minutes and check your blood sugar levels again. If your symptoms persist, consume another serving of carbohydrates. - Eat a balanced meal or snack
Once your blood sugar levels are stable, it’s important to eat a balanced meal or snack containing both carbohydrates and protein. This helps prevent your blood sugar from dropping again. For example, a sandwich with whole grain bread and lean protein or a peanut butter snack can provide lasting energy. - Seek medical attention if necessary
In some cases, if the symptoms of low blood sugar persist despite taking corrective action, or if the person becomes unresponsive, immediate medical attention is needed. A glucagon injection may be required to quickly raise blood sugar levels.
Prevention is key when it comes to managing blood sugar levels. Here are some tips to help prevent blood sugar from dropping too low:
- Eat regular meals and snacks: Try to eat smaller meals more frequently throughout the day to maintain stable blood sugar levels. Include a mix of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and healthy fats to provide sustained energy.
- Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly: If you are diabetic or prone to low blood sugar, regular monitoring can help you track your levels and adjust your medication or lifestyle accordingly.
- Exercise safely: If you plan to exercise, be sure to eat a meal or snack beforehand and keep fast-acting carbohydrates on hand in case your blood sugar drops during physical activity.
- Stay hydrated: Dehydration can exacerbate blood sugar fluctuations, so drink plenty of water throughout the day.
- Adjust medications as needed: Work closely with your healthcare provider to adjust your medications, particularly if you’re taking insulin or other drugs that lower blood sugar.
Recognizing the blood sugar low signs and acting promptly is critical for maintaining your health. Whether you experience mild symptoms or more severe signs of hypoglycaemia, understanding the causes and treatment options can help you regain control over your blood sugar levels. If you or someone you know regularly experiences blood sugar levels low, it’s essential to work with a healthcare provider to develop an effective plan for managing the condition. Taking immediate action and following preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of further complications and improve overall quality of life.
